By — Adithi Ramakrishnan, Associated Press Adithi Ramakrishnan, Associated Press Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/fossils-suggest-ancestors-of-indonesian-hobbits-were-even-shorter Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Fossils suggest ancestors of Indonesian ‘hobbits’ were even shorter Science Aug 6, 2024 1:53 PM EDT WASHINGTON (AP) — Twenty years ago on an Indonesian island, scientists discovered fossils of an early human species that stood at about 3 1/2 feet (1.07 meters) tall — earning them the nickname “hobbits.” Now a new study suggests ancestors of the hobbits were even slightly shorter. “We did not expect that we would find smaller individuals from such an old site,” study co-author Yousuke Kaifu of the University of Tokyo said in an email. The original hobbit fossils date back to between 60,000 and 100,000 years ago. The new fossils were excavated at a site called Mata Menge, about 45 miles from the cave where the first hobbit remains were uncovered. READ MORE: Did scientists discover a new species of human in a Philippines cave? In 2016, researchers suspected the earlier relatives could be shorter than the hobbits after studying a jawbone and teeth collected from the new site. Further analysis of a tiny arm bone fragment and teeth suggests the ancestors were a mere 2.4 inches (6 centimeters) shorter and existed 700,000 years ago. “They’ve convincingly shown that these were very small individuals,” said Dean Falk, an evolutionary anthropologist at Florida State University who was not involved with the research. The findings were published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications. Researchers have debated how the hobbits – named Homo floresiensis after the remote Indonesian island of Flores – evolved to be so small and where they fall in the human evolutionary story. They’re thought to be among the last early human species to go extinct. The Mata Menge site in the So’a Basin of the Indonesian island of Flores is seen, with Ebulobo volcano in the background, in this 2019 handout photograph released on August 6, 2024. A fragment of the upper arm bone called the humerus belonging to an diminutive extinct human species called Homo floresiensis, dating to about 700,000 years ago, was discovered at the Mata Menge site in 2013. The humerus fragment was initially broken in several pieces and was not recognized as such until 2015 after it had been restored. Gerrit van den Bergh/Handout via REUTERS Scientists don’t yet know whether the hobbits shrank from an earlier, taller human species called Homo erectus that lived in the area, or from an even more primitive human predecessor. More research – and fossils – are needed to pin down the hobbits’ place in human evolution, said Matt Tocheri, an anthropologist at Canada’s Lakehead University. “This question remains unanswered and will continue to be a focus of research for some time to come,” Tocheri, who was not involved with the research, said in an email. The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content. By — Adithi Ramakrishnan, Associated Press Adithi Ramakrishnan, Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) — Twenty years ago on an Indonesian island, scientists discovered fossils of an early human species that stood at about 3 1/2 feet (1.07 meters) tall — earning them the nickname “hobbits.” Now a new study suggests ancestors of the hobbits were even slightly shorter. “We did not expect that we would find smaller individuals from such an old site,” study co-author Yousuke Kaifu of the University of Tokyo said in an email. The original hobbit fossils date back to between 60,000 and 100,000 years ago. The new fossils were excavated at a site called Mata Menge, about 45 miles from the cave where the first hobbit remains were uncovered. READ MORE: Did scientists discover a new species of human in a Philippines cave? In 2016, researchers suspected the earlier relatives could be shorter than the hobbits after studying a jawbone and teeth collected from the new site. Further analysis of a tiny arm bone fragment and teeth suggests the ancestors were a mere 2.4 inches (6 centimeters) shorter and existed 700,000 years ago. “They’ve convincingly shown that these were very small individuals,” said Dean Falk, an evolutionary anthropologist at Florida State University who was not involved with the research. The findings were published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications. Researchers have debated how the hobbits – named Homo floresiensis after the remote Indonesian island of Flores – evolved to be so small and where they fall in the human evolutionary story. They’re thought to be among the last early human species to go extinct. The Mata Menge site in the So’a Basin of the Indonesian island of Flores is seen, with Ebulobo volcano in the background, in this 2019 handout photograph released on August 6, 2024. A fragment of the upper arm bone called the humerus belonging to an diminutive extinct human species called Homo floresiensis, dating to about 700,000 years ago, was discovered at the Mata Menge site in 2013. The humerus fragment was initially broken in several pieces and was not recognized as such until 2015 after it had been restored. Gerrit van den Bergh/Handout via REUTERS Scientists don’t yet know whether the hobbits shrank from an earlier, taller human species called Homo erectus that lived in the area, or from an even more primitive human predecessor. More research – and fossils – are needed to pin down the hobbits’ place in human evolution, said Matt Tocheri, an anthropologist at Canada’s Lakehead University. “This question remains unanswered and will continue to be a focus of research for some time to come,” Tocheri, who was not involved with the research, said in an email. The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.